Cause and Effect of Cheating in School Essay

Every action has a consequence, whether it is good or bad. The choices you make can follow you the rest of your life. Cheating is an issue that affects many students at one time or another throughout their education. There are many different ways to cheat: copying homework, looking over at a peers test, plagiarizing, and so on. Nothing good comes from cheating your way through school, the only person you are cheating is yourself. There are serious consequences for cheating. Every teacher has different ways of punishing their students. Some teachers are hard on their students and give them the maximum punishment they can give them. However, as i’ve witnessed teachers are surprisingly lenient on their students. Many just give them a warning or make them retake the test. The problem with teachers doing this is that the students never really learn their lesson. It enables them to cheat more, if they know they won’t have serious consequences for their actions, they will be more willing to try to test their luck. Cheating is most likely to occur in students who lack effort in their studies. Students who do not attend class or do not study are not likely to get passed on their own. Therefore, they find cheating to be a good and easy way for them to pass. Nothing can be gained by cheating. Of course, a better grade may be given, but they are not learning anything by stealing somebody’s hard work. The cheater may be passing the class with a great grade, but where will the cheater be when the finals come around and they no longer have a way to cheat. Cheating can result in a tragic cycle. Once you start it is hard to stop. A person may believe that they are benefiting themselves by cheating to receive a better grade. They put off studying and never really learn the material. At the same time they are doing well in the class. Many people may not see what the problem would be, less work and good grades. What’s to complain about! However, this cannot continue forever. It will catch up to you and you will regret it. When it comes time for you to know the material, you will have to learn from the beginning or receive an unsatisfactory grade. Even if you manage to get a good grade, it cannot make you feel good knowing you did not earn it. There is going to come a time in your life when you are going to need to put what you learned in school to use in real life. If you did not do the work, you will not be able to do this. In college they are to prepare you for your career. If you plan on cheating your way through college you may want to rethink your game plan. Imagine a surgeon cheating his way through school and not really learning what was necessary to perform his job. Would you feel comfortable having this doctor operate on you? There are more things at stake than good grades. You have to think of your future and the person you want to be. Nothing in life comes easy, if you want to make it you are going to have to work at it. There is no reason you should be rewarded for cheating your way through school. It is always better in the long haul to be honest and do your own work. Once you make doing your own work a habit it will become easier. It will also build your self-esteem. Having that pride when you graduate will be one of the best feelings in your life. You can think to yourself that you did this, it wasn’t because of anyone else, it was all you. All those late nights of studying and group study sessions have paid off. You know that you are able to set a goal for yourself and find the strength within you to accomplish this goal. If you are able to do this, you are capable of so much more. Your future will be bright. When looking for a job when you are older, employers look for certain qualities. They look for a good work ethic, someone with good leadership qualities and, someone who isn’t lazy but who is willing to do what is needed to be done to finish the job. You will have more confidence going into an interview if you are well qualified for the job. Nothing good comes from cheating. It may trick you in the short hall but you need to have the strength to do the right thing. You need to be more concerned with your future, and less concerned with cheating your way through a class just so you have more free time. Today’s generation will never succeed if they do not learn to take responsibility. We are truly blessed to be given a proper education, many countries are not as fortunate as us. In a way Americans have become spoiled and have taken their education for granted. They do not view it as being important. We need to look at other nations, and realize what they would give up just to be able to learn like we do. We need to get back to a place where we are thirsting for knowledge and not just doing the bare minimum to get by. Over all, the consequences of cheating vary greatly, from being dealt with on a serious level or to just have to live with knowing deep down inside that what you have done is wrong. Some say cheating is not wrong unless the person gets caught, but cheating is no different than stealing, and stealing is wrong no matter what. I think everyone would admit that. As an individual you must take pride in yourself and do your own work. It is your life and you should want to be the best you can be. Cheating in the short run will only hurt you in the future.

Van Gogh

Power of Art: Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh was a unique and unusual man, yet one would surely not believe that he was a self-taught painter. Vincent was born in 1853 in Grotto-Sunders, a village located in the south of Netherlands. Van Gogh did not pick up painting until the age of 27 which is somewhat late for the average painter of his time. He also did not Jump straight to being an artist, but attempted to be a minister, a missionary, an art dealer, and a teacher. We will see what shaped Van Sago's art whether it was through his perception of the world or through his quest to keep his sanity.We can observe most of Van Sago's life through the connection he and his brother made by the writing of each other's letters. His younger brother, Thee helped Vincent emotionally and financially as he started his new found passion for creating art. Since his attempt of being a preacher did not go as planned, Vincent in a way turned to painting because of familiarity and to express his rel igious faith. Despite his motives, Van Gogh fell short of capturing an audience through his art work. For a while he shared an apartment with a prostitute name Seen. Seen was said to be his muse, his source of inspiration in the creation of artwork.When Vincent father caught wind of this relationship that had trouble written all over it, he demanded that Vincent immediately rid himself of her and continue on his way. He finally gave in and abandoned Seen, leaving her alone where she once again turned to prostitution for her source of income. Van Gogh did not have much luck at first when it came to attracting buyers for his artwork, but the creation of his painting â€Å"The Potato Eaters† was one of his first works to gain some recognition. It was a painting of poor peasants eating potatoes around a inner table.Vincent purposely chose to depict them in their natural environment where it can easily be seen that these hard working peasants labor tirelessly to earn their small r ations of food. The painting further complements the idea of â€Å"poor and unfortunate† through the use of dark, thick, and dusty looking colors. Van Gogh was very heavy on his brush when it came to painting portraits like this because he did not Just want to paint something, but he wanted to create philosophical connection with his audience which most likely were the middle and upper class of society.After moving to Paris, Van Gogh finally found impressionism and began creating paintings with the use of lighter and more brilliant colors. Thee had informed Vincent that it was a very difficult endeavor to sell his paintings to art collectors who disliked his type of dark art style. It was at that point that Vincent embraced his light side and embraced nature as a source of beauty that could only be captured through the use of richly draped yellows, and other lavish colors. One of Van Sago's painting called â€Å"the Sorer† incorporates complementary colors to bring a s ort of immersed intensity to the picture.This painting is a recreation of an earlier painting, but Van Sago's has a glow of brilliance to it through the use of a variety of colors that is sure the audience's eyes in ecstasy. Vincent was always a little skittish growing up, but now it was evident that he was beginning to go mad. It is quite unsure how it came about, but it was said that Van Gogh, in a moment of immense tension, cut his own ear off because of an argument between Gauguin and himself. From there on it was all downhill for the upcoming artist.Vincent eventually admitted himself to a mental hospital where he painted for while in an effort to keep himself from becoming a lunatic Later, he moved with a doctor who specialized with artists who suffered from mental illnesses. Van Gogh seemed to have recovered enough to have left the care of the doctor and returned to painting soon after. One of his last and one his notable works is called â€Å"Wheat Field with Crows†. It is painting that depicts a dramatic landscape set in a wheat field with a great sea of blue as the sky. The single road and flock of crows direct you in an unsure direction, It brings about a sense of loneliness.With thick and heavy strokes, the setting is set or a wind-swept field of golden wheat. This painting is one amongst his unique and haunting works created. A man who may have been mentally ill or Just a man mad at the world for not understanding his views through his art? No one will ever know for sure because his story came to an end when it was said that he shot himself in the stomach later dying due to infection from the wound. It is not clear what type of mental illness Van Gogh suffered from if he did at all suffer from one, but it is fact that he had a way of creating art through the power of his mind and emotion. Van Gogh It seems when one closes their bedroom door all mundane thoughts are gone and you are left with your imagination. One who agrees with this interpretation is Jane Flanders. Jane Flanders is a highly educated woman, as she attended Mar College and Columbia University, she has three books of poems published and has won many awards. A person whose mind is always running and always working such as hers can agree that rest for the imagination is the best way to strengthen it.One simple painting of his bed and petite, creaky room and one simple four stanza poem shows how materialistic possessions can never reflect the human soul, simplicity in life heightens creativity ND how solitude doesn't have to be a negative aspect in life. â€Å"l can tell you that for my part I will try to keep a straight course, and will paint the most simple, the most common things† (Van Gogh, 545). This was written in a letter to Vincent brother Thee, Van Gogh is declaring how he now wants to live his life : straight forward and simple.As one can see in the painting he did not accumulate many riches in his life. He never kept heirlooms or anything of wealthy status. His bedroom as described in the poem is â€Å"is narrow†¦ Clumsy but friendly†¦ Empty' (Flanders, Van Sago's Bed). The pictures on the wall are crooked, it's a tiny room for one with a narrow window, filled with a table where he works and chairs to sit on. Flanders describes it Just as it is, these adjectives can be not be clearer. To me this proves that materialistic objects in life can never reflect the soul off person.Van Gogh had a talent that millions of apprentices striver for. It was typical for only the rich to be educated and/or learn an artist's trade. It's common for the wealthy to obtain more opportunities in life than he poor, yet a man with many personal struggles in his life is known as a man today that is hard to measure up to. Many people believe your status, or what you own is who you are, this is not true. One can see how his bedrooms looks like one of a peasants, yet this status or preconception does not diminish nor prove that he is not gifted or have a remarkable soul.It's like today how homeless people are looked down upon like uneducated, untalented scum but in reality they could be Just as gifted as a privileged person. Just because they struggle in different ways than we do goes not mean their soul is any less valuable. The value of what we own does not determine the value of our souls and being. What creates this value is our imagination, spirit, morals, personality, creativity and expression. These aspects in life help us find our purpose, our materialistic success can never fulfill such a destiny.Without imagination what would life be like? The only word I can think of is lifeless. No child's smile would light up the room, no painting would be filled with color, no Joke would ever hear a laugh, no purpose would there be in life. Just as cells re the building bl ocks of physical life, imaginations are the building blocks of our purposes in life, whatever they may be. When looking at his painting I take from the simplicity, rest. Rest of the mind, body and spirit, when these three are at rest they grow a unique, metal potential kinetic energy.When one locks themselves away from the world in their bedroom, a safe place where no one can disturb them, their mind is now at ease. There are no worries that can bother them, whatever is out of sight is now out of mind and the mind now becomes clearer. When the mind is clear and jack to its simplistic ways all that is left is imagination and creativity that is free to roam. This is why Van Sago's bed is right next to his work desk where his mind can freely express itself. It's common for all humans to lay in bed and because the complexities of our day is over we no longer have to think about what is next until the morning.Nothing left is on our lists for us to be preoccupied with. Life complexity cri pples creativity, if we're constantly thinking about our mundane world, we never have a chance to think about our inner selves. This can also be proven in the color Van Gogh uses. The brilliant, vibrant colors such as orange, yellow, blue and green come to life via simple form. His use of these colors bring his bedroom to life, it proves that even though it's a simple picture, its one little thing in life that makes the difference of it Just existing or it living, that's creativity that sparks from imagination.All in all, rest lets our minds breathe and gives us a greater creative potential, and anything else more than simple can deprive us from this. Looking at his painting, one might feel sadness by observing how there are two pillows for one head and two hairs for one body. Being alone is mostly deemed as a negative aspect in life, and it is natural to think that due to humans instinctual being social creatures. Though it is lovely having loved ones in life, solitude is not alway s negative, you can be alone without feeling lonely.Flanders describes his bedroom as, â€Å"is empty, morning light pours in like wine, melody, fragrance, the memory of happiness† (Flanders, 545). She perfectly shows how emptiness isn't always a hollow pain, but rather a nostalgic memory. Memories were created in that bedroom, paintings with inexplicable expressions of the Joy in life and the sad confusion. Van Gogh wasn't alone, he had himself, he had his artwork, and his imagination alone kept him company. Solitude is one of the many paths to figure out our niche in life, something that he longed for.Learning to be happy alone brings a life time of happiness, you never have to depend on someone or something else to bring you happiness in life. You are always with yourself and loving and enjoying your own company is a stable way to ensure your happiness. Even though Van Gogh is seen historically as an unstable man, solitude ay have given him stability. He didn't seem to â⠂¬Å"fit into† the world around him, but the world he understood was his own through art.One can also see in this stanza how Flanders compares the morning light pouring in like wine, a melody or a fragrance, all very simple things that can spark a memory. These may have been things one experienced by themselves resting, reflecting upon them alone, how a memory of an experience learning about themselves can bring self-happiness. This is why solitude is not always a such a bad thing, we are our greatest teachers in life, only we can fulfill our destinies and we can only move to the next step by knowing who we are and we do this through solitude.A painting so simple yet packed with so much. Van Gogh succeeded in showing the viewer what he wanted to portray, how our materialistic life can never reflect the life we live on the inside of ourselves, how when we rest our minds they finally begin to work the way they were destined to and how solitude enables us to progress in our person al purposes in life. Van Gogh states, â€Å"It's Just simply my bedroom, only here color is to do everything, and giving by TTS simplification a grander style to things, is to be suggestive here of rest or of sleep in general.In a word, to look at the picture ought to rest the brain or rather the imagination† (545). Van Gogh shows all he intends to through color, life could not exist in black in white, and nothing would be unique. He uses these bright colors in his unique signature pattern to portray how different ones imagination can change something so simple. It's still simple, Just more valuable, it's customized. This shows how materials can never prove who we are, imagination sparks from rest and prospers from ourselves.

A flat waterproof keyboard

Schedule: Available now. Due 03/09/2014 11:59 PM EDT Top of Form Question 1 Select one answer. 10 points If you use your desktop computer only for doing schoolwork, which input and output device combination would be best from the options below (considering the best combination of cost, screen resolution, and keyboard design)? a gaming keyboard and a 27 LCD monitor a foldable keyboard and a 15 LCD monitor a wireless keyboard and a 24 LED monitor a split-style keyboard and a 30 LED monitor Question 2 Select one answer. 10 points In a situation where a handicapped person can only input data into the computer using a stylus or light pen, which keyboard configuration might be the solution? A keyboard with internal lighting to support work in low-light conditions. A keypad that is projected on an external flat surface. A flat waterproof keyboard. A split-style keyboard that separates and angles groups of keys into right- and left-hand portions. Question 3 Select one answer. 10 points Which device would not be appropriate for holding data, instructions, and information for future use? 1Tb external hard drive. Cloud storage CD or DVD 8Gb RAM Question 4 Select one answer. 10 points You are considering using cloud storage as your primary system for saving your data. What advantages does this storage media have over using your system’s hard drive or some other external media (external hard drive, flash drive, R/W disks) for storing your data? The cloud storage provider ensures that you have a backup of your data. The data is more secure in cloud storage than on your own storage devices. Cloud storage is definitely less expensive than the cost of a hard drive or external devices. You can always get to your data from anywhere. Question 5 Select one answer. 10 points Which device would be used to hold data, instructions, and information for future use? flash drive cloud storage hard drive none of the above; these are volatile storage devices all of the above; these are nonvolatile storage devices Question 6 Select one answer. 10 points Which of the following can be considered an output device? dot matrix printer wireless mouse joystick virtual keyboard Question 7 Select one answer. 10 points In this diagram of a simple home network, what appears to be missing? a server a modem an adapter card a router Question 8 Select one answer. 10 points One of the major advantages of installing a wireless network is: It does not require a modem to access the Internet. It is initially more secure than a wired network. It provides more flexibility than a wired network. It is faster than a wired network. Question 9 Select one answer. 10 points If you are going to install a completely wireless network in your home, each computer must have: a router a wireless adapter card a modem an Ethernet card Question 10 Select one answer. 10 points If you are going to network two computers together using cable connections, each computer must have: a modem a router a wireless adapter card an Ethernet interface card Question 11 Select one answer. 10 points How is data entered into the computer? using any type of hardware component that conveys information to one or more people using an electronic device that controls the timing of all peripherals connected to the system unit using a hardware component that allows submission of data or instructions. using the circuit board that interfaces with all external components attached to the CPU Question 12 Select one answer. 10 points A webcam would be considered an input device. True False Bottom of Form Bottom of Form

The Geography of Russia and Neighboring Countries Essay

The Geography of Russia and Neighboring Countries - Essay Example However, the Russian-speaking group forms more than half of the population followed by Ukrainians, then Uzbeks. There are also other smaller ethnic tribes within the country including Tatar, Bashkir and Chuvash. The country has a population of 142, 470, 272 people with a growth rate of 0.03%. Estimates place the birth rate at 11.8 per 1000 with an infant mortality rate of 7.08 per 1000 infants. The federation has a life expectancy of 70.16 years and 21.5 population densities per square kilometer. According to 2010 estimates, Russia has a 99.70% literacy level. The statistics are almost similar to those of the neighboring countries, especially the Scandinavian countries in east Europe or west of Russia. The federation of Russia recovered from a whole decade of post-Soviet political and economic turmoil to reposition as a world power. The Soviet Union comprised of several countries, precisely fifteen, which included the Russia republic and Scandinavian countries. The religious people of Russia and its neighboring countries can be categorized into Russian orthodox, Christians and Muslims (Kort 30). Russia and neighboring countries are lavishly endowed with natural resources. The federation produces 20% of world’s natural gas. Oil is also available and a valuable commodity in the country. It is self-sufficient in all key industrial raw materials (Blinnikov 60). It also has reserves of less vital, but nevertheless valuable, natural resources, including gold and diamonds. Russia and the neighboring countries are generously furnished with agricultural productive environment. Blinnikov (70) indicates that the neighboring Scandinavian countries provide more than 10% of worlds forest cover. The country encloses all of the vegetation zones in the world except tropical rain forest. The coldest weather is found in the east and north of the country. Extreme weather is nastiest from April

American Consumer Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Consumer Culture - Research Paper Example This leads to the many topics which arise when studying American consumer culture. One of the major impacts of American consumer culture is its association to materialism. The critics and the advocate of the American consumer culture believe that materialism, which has a close association to the culture, has the disadvantages and advantage respectively, on the economy. The realization of materialism as a major topic in American consumer culture makes it inevitable to discuss the roots of materialism and its impact throughout the American history. In his book, Lawrence Glickman asserts that consumerism has been treated as excessive materialism classified as a moral danger and a popular culture (Glickman, p. 1). Materialism refers to the act of individuals in the society stressing on the importance of the physical possession than they do to the spiritual. The major thesis statement for the article, American consumer culture causes individuals to care more about their personal possessio n than their internal well-being. Impact materialism in American history Benefits The impact of materialism is much evident in the American society where consumer culture has a strong foundation. History shows that materialism saved America from overproduction. It is true that America is one of the strongest economy in the world hence it is easy to associate it to materialism. Materialism can thrive in the economy because there is much resources to support the needs of the consumers. Consequently, materialism proves useful to American economy since the consumers have the urge of purchasing more and more allowing supply and demand to occur naturally. In chapter 5 of Lawrence volume collection, Durning asserts â€Å"materialism is caring about things and taking care of them meaning it isn’t necessarily a bad thing† (Glickman, p. 78). Durning is right owing to the present state of America which consumption drives it current economic system. Further, materialism have also contributed to the American economy being self sustaining and self regulating since the consumers are much interested in buying the products in the market. It is true that a product can only exist in the market if the consumers are willing to buy hence the benefit of materialism. History shows that after the World War I American society feared the emergence of overproduction since the consumers had no desire in buying the products . The only remedy was to train the society into being materialistic with subsequent desire to buy the products. There was need for shaping a new mentality whereby the desires of man would overshadow their needs hence the birth of materialism (Bussinessinsider, 2013). It is acknowledged that consumer culture is a very important recipe for economic growth, it make the people to perceive spending as a way of obtaining happiness and satisfaction that can be very helpful in the times of economic recession as they will continues to spend cushioning the economy f rom experiencing the pinch in a significant way. Consumer culture makes spending be a bonding experience, for example doing shopping together with the friends, peers, and age mates, it brings about a strong bonding culture (McLaren, and Torchinsky 57). Drawbacks One of the major disadvantages of materialism arising from consumer culture is its effect in causing poorer well-being. The people with high materialistic nature often appear to possess goal orientation that may ultimately impact the society negatively. Don Campbel in

Importance of Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance of Administration - Essay Example According to Richard Daft, planning is the making and setting of attainable goals. These goals can be attained by performing excellent series of activities. And before they can set any activity in its actual performance, they must first breakdown the activity into different manageable tasks. They may use an appropriate project planning tool in order to study and manage the activity critically. In addition, in organizing, the managers will develop the structure of organization, acquire and train human resources and establish communication patterns and networks to provide a better working atmosphere. If they see that the present structure is not efficient enough, they must conduct a skillful study to make it more suitable for all employees. It is impossible to do the activity without highly skilled workers; that is why they need to acquire people and train them. In giving also the assigned tasks to the workers, managers see to it that the given tasks are appropriate to their capability . Further, the managers lead their workers; influence them to use their full potentials. Finally, as the activity is going on, they must see to it that the status of both the activity and workers' performance are targeting their goals and they make corrections as needed.

Personal Statement Adjust(including) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Statement Adjust(including) - Essay Example For this reason, students who graduated from educational institutions can earn incomes in order to maintain a high standard of living in the country while also giving back to the society that is responsible for their upbringing and supported them when they were dependants. For me, I have gained the interest and understanding of sociology and economic disciplines due to the experiences I have gained while living in the State of California. Nothing has been fulfilling than travelling across the United States. In this regard, I have acquired unforgettable and important experiences than I had ever obtained in any of my previous travels. In effect, the travels have enabled me to bring alive the information that I had only read in books and always wanted to experience in my life. In line with this, my travels have led me to California, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Nevada where I have had a chance to vacation. I have come to learn about the operations in each state that I have vacatio ned with each state and city visited having different elements that made it distinctive in its own way, which explains the differences in society and economies different states experienced. For example, New York City has the high transit utility in the United States and a successful financial market in the Wall Street. On the other hand, San Jose has a large freeway system to support the third densely populated city in California and the famous high technology companies located in the Silicon Valley region. My volunteering roles with the Salvation Army and the Second Harvest Bank had a huge impact on my life. It was during this time that I realized and identified the difference between the society and the economy. In the course of my work with these two organizations, I collected, packed, and distributed materials on my way to becoming a professional volunteer. My experience regarding two locals arguing  about the quantity of meals they received remains forever etched in my mind. After they had their meals, the two locals left without even mentioning a word after the leader had calmed them and asked them to argue about their issue after the meal. Thereafter, the leader told me that they experienced challenges when distributing the food. Nonetheless, I found this approach a way that the society assists the low social hierarchy in order to maintain a steady ambience in the country’s economic growth although it lacks an ideology in terms of a social balance. Participating in the flea market was an essential way of practicing my knowledge about the real world. First, we carried out a research with my team about the religion, race, and economic class of the population in Cupertino. Based on information regarding population background, we were able to make better plans to achieve our goals and estimate the risks involved in the business that we planned to undertake. Therefore, we carried out an estimate of the demand for products, selling price, and expense s that we would incur in order to establish the profits we would make. We established the strategy of promoting the products by the nature of taking

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example Primary research has shown that the most preferred brand in the category of consumer product is Pantene. They prefer Pantene than any other brands because it caters to all types of hair requirements. Pantene is the most famous brand in hair care; they are brand loyal towards the product. Brand loyalty is an attitude toward a brand (Pride & Ferrell, 2008, p.330). The primary research shows that they are satisfied with the brand and thus consistently purchase the same brand. Pantene a product of Procter & Gamble has very well positioned itself in the minds of the customers. The survey has shown that the most recalled brand was Pantene. Positioning is nothing but the battle of the mind. In order to stay ahead from the competitors, the first thing is to position the brand in the consumers mind so that he or she tends to go for that particular brand (Sengupta, 2005, p.2). And this is exactly what the hair product has done. It is the number one hair care brand. Brand loyalty plays an impor tant factor when deciding upon a brand. When asked about how loyal they were with their brand, it was found that Pantene follows the third degree of brand loyalty, brand insistence. They would not go for any other substitute, they strongly prefer Pantene. This is referred to as brand insistence. ... When asked about the first five brands that come to their mind, the first name was Pantene. Thus the brand had achieved the success because it takes a lot of effort to remain on top of the mind thus it has positioned very well in the minds of the consumers. As discussed earlier, they would not go for any other brands even if they do not find the desired product; this indicates the loyalty towards the brand. The purchase decision criteria for most respondents depend upon the brand name. The very reason why as to Pantene is preferred was because of its focus mainly on the health of the hair. Pantene is the brand which caters to all hair segments be it long straight short curly etc. it has a wide range of products which deals with the different types of hair of the consumers. Hair care is one of the important factors that mainly concern the consumers. Many of the Pantene users believe that it provides their hair with a healthier looking with more shine and more confidence among themselv es. One of the respondent stated that hair has a personality and it is taken well care of by Pantene. Thus Pantene has proved to be the number one brand and captures the market share. It is a product that has emotionally affected the consumers. They feel that it is only Pantene that suits their hair types and especially because it is available for all hair types. Secondary research Market segments and targets Pantene is a product of Procter & Gamble, a fortune 500 company. It deals in consumer goods. Market segmentation is an important part in marketing. It is necessary to decide the segment in which the product is to be introduced. It has segmented its product in three categories that is Fine, med-thick, curly and color. Since it has segmented its

Investigating of British Consumer Behavior for Red Bull Essay

Investigating of British Consumer Behavior for Red Bull - Essay Example Survey questionnaires would be administered to select (about 100) college students with prior permission of the college authorities, after informing them of the purpose of the research. Qualitative date would be collected through face-to-face interview with proper analytical questions that can bring out the actual need of the consumer. Data from the survey questionnaires would be analysed through bar charts and pie charts while primary data from the interviews would be interpreted along with the theories of consumer behavior. Project time scale has been presented in the research proposal. Investigating of British Consumer Behavior for Red Bull Introduction Beverages market in the UK has been of interest to the marketers because of the trend of engaging in health and energy drinks. The key driver of sales growth in the energy drinks market has been healthy diet choices and healthy alternatives of which energy drink is a part. According to Langlois (2005) energy drinks market including soy-based/yoghurt drinks, sports/energy drinks are preferred over soft drinks. Health products can attract premium pricing and premium pricing means higher profit margins. Stimulants are believed to have a bad taste but this is not the case with Ant Natural Stimulation, which raises energy levels, helps fight ageing and enhances sexual vigour. The British consumers have become health conscious and would prefer to consume energy drinks (Functional Ingredients, 2002). Red Bull too is an energy drink and its selling proposition is that increases stamina and mental concentration (Berg, 2005). Red Bull is a kind of energy tonic, which has the potentiality to strengthen physical power and concentration level up to the mark. They advertise for their product as a drink â€Å"for the morning after over-doing it† (Smit & Rogers, 2002). Red Bull containing sucrose and caffeine has the potential to boost the energy levels. With a very high level marketing strategy, this energy drink is available in 100 countries all the world. It also boasts of a successful ratio of selling among its targeted mass, the young people and the athletes. Skillful marketing campaign and excellent distribution with good attractive packaging, this energy drink has owned the market with a successful grade. The main targeted mass for the owner of this he alth business, Dietrich Mateschitz, is to get the commercial approval. This was tough to get as the drink contains three times more caffeine than any normal health drinks. The European mass was unfamiliar with such energy drinks and as a result almost 50% of the consumers labeled it as something acidic. However, with a proper distribution and marketing strategy with young icons this drink sustain in the market (web, 2004). This paper proposes to investigate British consumer behavior for Red Bull. This is considered important because there have been reports that Red Bull has been banned in France, classified as a medicine in Norway, and in Japan it was available only at the pharmacies (BBC News, 2001). Three people are believed to have died in Sweden following drinking the Red Bull. Deaths in Europe and America have also been linked to Red Bull without proof of course. It is still considered as a drink that ‘gives you wings’ and has become the epitome of cool for the dot .com revelers at clubs and pubs from Los Angeles to Singapore. Question and Justification of This Paper: The quality of the product is not important for the study here; how

The Stone Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Stone Age - Essay Example During this time, people made their tools and weapons mainly with the help of stones when metal working had not taken place yet. Geographically primeval culture has spread to all continents except Antarctica. The Stone Age is divided into three eras, which differ from each other with own peculiarities and conditions. The Stone Age brought humans to a totally new stage of their development. When climate drastically changed and glaciers melted, nomadic people reached the territory between Israel and Iraq, which hills were full of verdurous trees and wild animals. The Middle East became very attractive to humans who found favorable conditions for living here. Ancient people discovered that grain could give a lot of harvest, so eventually they found a way to gather crop with the help of appropriate stone tools. According to the archaeobotanist, George Willcox (2003), it had been noticed that during three-week period of time one person could gather enough grains for being able to feed fou r people for the entire year (Stories from the Stone Age). In additional, ancient people realized the efficiency of grain that could be stored for a long period of time without decay in case it was kept in a dry place. Consequently, discovering a very profitable place full of potential food, people at last found a reason to stop their nomadic life and settle down. Moreover, their decision to stay on chosen territory was also influenced with the fact that all tools made of stones and intended for gathering harvest were quite heavy, therefore people’s inability and lack of desire to carry their burdens eventually managed to change their lives irrevocably. Settling down in the Middle East made ancient people to face several challenges, one of which was finding ways to produce food out of plants. Also humans managed to develop and widen variety of tools for hunting realizing how precarious this activity was. Hence, people started to use stones connected by cords for catching wild animals and double-bladed sickles for cutting grass. In addition, people discovered usage of grains and began to produce so-called ancestor of bread. Gathering harvest and sharing tools helped people to unite their strength in a way when priority moved from individual prosperity to community’s wellbeing. People of that era had a special ritual for burial. They put dead person into the hole, placed a big stone on a chest and laid some personal possessions and various offerings. As archeologists found out, with the lapse of time this funeral rite faced some changes, like later n people started to took the scalp of the dead person out of a hole and bring it back into the world. Stones which had been found on the mentioned territories contained some scratches, which nowadays archeologists interpret as a first attempt to represent numbers. This fact has a great importance in a formation of ancient culture. Despite the fact that ancient people at last found an ideal place to stay on, they again were forced to return to their former nomadic lifestyle later on. Hence, the climate change brought draught which in its turn caused a dreadful shortage of food. So this was another challenge which ancient people were forced to overcome. All population split for small groups and began searching for food. One part of people finally settled down in Jordan near the

Diffusion and Osmosis Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and Osmosis Essay Diffusion and osmosis are very important in biological process. Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from a region of their high concentration to a region of their low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. To gain a better understanding of diffusion and osmosis, we examine multiple experiments to show diffusion and osmosis in animal cell, plant cell and synthetic cell. In our first experiment, we weight a decalcified chicken egg and place 10% NaCl concentration. At every fifteen minutes intervals, we weight the egg and record that the weight decreases. In our second experiment, we use three slices of aquatic plant Elodea and add pond water one leaf, distilled water for the second and 20% NaCl for the third, then observe the cells of each leaf with a compound microscope. Under microscope, chloroplasts (green organelles) in Elodea tend to bound to the cell wall in pond water, spread all over the cell in distilled water, pull away from cell wall in 20% NaCl. In our last experiment, we use a dialysis bag that contains 30% glucose and starch solution then place into a beaker of water and iodine solution. We then remove the bag out of the beaker, and use two test tube which label BAG, BEAKER to perform a Benedict’s test. We place solution in the bag in the BAG tube, and solution in the beaker in the BEAKER tube and add a drop of Benedict’s reagent to each tube, then heat each test tube and observe a color change in each tube. These experiments show that movement of water of chicken egg cell and Elodea cell is â€Å"osmosis† and movement of molecules in dialysis bag and beaker is â€Å"diffusion†. INTRODUCTION Diffusion is involved in many biological processes occurring in single-celled to complex organism (cite this). It is a part in life that we need to know and understand how it works. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (cite this). A branch of diffusion process is osmosis, which is the movement of water across a membrane which is selectively permeable (cite this). We are going to learn and get more information about diffusion osmosis by perform three experiments. We place a shell-less chicken egg in salt solution. We predict that water in the egg will move out the cell because this is a hypertonic solution, a greater concentration of osmotically active substance than the solution on the other side of membrane. Next, we are going have three slices of Elodea in each different solution: hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic then we observe these reactions in the microscope. We predict that one will have chloroplasts (green organelles) bound to cell wall in hypotonic, one will have chloroplasts move in the cytoplasm, one will have cell wall remain intact and chloroplasts move away from cell wall. Third, we’re going to use a dialysis bag contains starch and glucose and place in water and iodine solution. After a Benedict test, we predict that there will be color change in these solutions. These experiments are easy to perform and they also give people enough information to gain better concepts of how diffusion works in animal cell, plant cell, and synthetic cell. METHODS First, we performed an experiment to show osmosis in animal cell. Our materials in this experiment were a decalcified egg, a 350mL beaker, 10% of NaCl solution, a triple beam balance, and a timer. We used the triple beam balance to weigh the egg. The weight of the egg was 77.3g at this time. Next, we placed the egg in the beaker that was filled with 250mL of 10% NaCl. We waited about fifteen minutes and then remove the egg out of the beaker. We dried off the water from the egg and placed the egg on the triple beam balance. The weight of the egg after fifteen minutes was 76.6g. We then placed the egg back in the beaker and repeated these steps every fifteen minutes intervals. At thirty minutes, the egg’s weight was 76.3g. At forty-five minutes, the weight was 76.2g. At sixty minutes, the weight was 76.1g. We recorded the data and calculated the percent change in egg weight by using the weight at the present time minus the previous weight all over the previous time and all multi ply to one hundred. We then graphed our data to show percent changes in weight of the egg. Next, we performed another experiment to show osmosis in a plant cell. We used leaf of the aquatic plant Elodea, pond water, distilled water, 20% NaCl solution, a compound microscope, a pair of forceps. First, we cut three small pieces from Elodea plant with forceps. We then carefully placed each piece onto the microscope slide glass. We added a small drop of pond water to one piece and labeled it â€Å"pond water†. We added a small drop of distilled water to another piece and labeled it â€Å"distilled water†. Last we added 20% NaCl to the last piece and labeled it â€Å"20% NaCl†. We waited for ten minutes and then we observed the cells of each piece of leaf under the microscope. We then sketched the cells of each piece as seen in the microscope. In our last experiment of diffusion of synthetic cell, we used a 30-cm strip of moist dialysis tubing, a string, 30 % glucose solution, starch solution, iodine solution, Benedict’s reagent, hot plate, 500-mL bea ker one-third filled with water, handled test tube holder, 3 standard test tubes, disposable transfer pipettes, two of 400-mL beakers to hold dialysis bag. First, we soaked the dialysis tubing in water and closed one end with a string, and let the other end open. Then we added four pipettesful of 30% glucose into the bag and four pipettesful of starch solution to the glucose in the bag. We gently mixed the contents and observed the color in the bag. Next, we add 300mL of water to 500mL beaker. We put some drops of iodine solution in the water and it turned into a brown color. After that, we placed the dialysis bag into the beaker and waited for thirty minutes. After thirty minutes, we moved the bag and let it stand in a dry beaker. We then recorded the data. Next, we used two test tube which labeled â€Å"BEAKER† and â€Å"BAG† for the Benedict’s test. We put two pipettesful of the bag solution in the BAG tube and two pipettesful of the beaker solution in the BEAKER tube. We added a drop of benedict’s reagent to each tube and heat them up in hot water for three minutes. After three minutes, we observed the co lor change and recorded our data. RESULTS In our first experiment with decalcified egg in 10% NaCl, we find that the weight of the shell-less egg decreases after every fifteen minutes time interval. At time zero, the egg has 77.3g but after fifteen minutes, the egg has 76.6, a -0.9% change in weight. At thirty minutes, the egg has 76.3g, a -0.4% change in weight. At forty-five minutes, the egg has 76.2g, a -0.1% change in weight. At sixty minutes, the egg has 76.1g, a -0.1% change in weight. In our second experiment with Elodea plant, we find that chloroplasts(green organelles) of Elodea cell in pond water moves close to cell wall. In distilled water, we find that chloroplasts (green organelles) of Elodea cell move freely through out in the cytoplasm but block by cell wall. We also find that chloroplasts (green organelles) of Elodea cell of in 20% NaCl moving away from the cell wall and form tightly in the central of cytoplasm. In our last experiment with dialysis tubing, we observe some color change. The bag solution, which contains glucose and starch, has a transparent original color, turns to transparent with some black dots as final color. After using the Benedicts reagent, the tube which contains the bag solution turns into an orange color.

Analysis Aqualisa Quartz Essay Example for Free

Analysis Aqualisa Quartz Essay Every company dreams that one day they can bring something unique and very competitive, and use it to dominate the market. But things might not be as easy as they thought. In Aqualisa case, Harry Rawlinson, managing director of Aqualisa, gives us an example that even with new significant shower product Quartz, which seems to be perfect in every aspect, they cannot make a relative progress in U.K. shower market. Quartz is designed to solve all the troubles that exist in U. K. showers. It provides efficient and reliable water pressure and temperature, needs less space in bathroom, has a stylish looking and is easy to use and install. Although Quartz leaps all other showers, the initial sales results turned to be gloomy, as Rawlinson said â€Å"For some reason, it simply wasn’t selling†. To reveal these â€Å"reasons†, we will first look at the general shower market status, and then we will analysis two main factors that cause Quart fail in initial Sales: Quart itself and Plumber. Finally, we will examine Aqualisa’s marketing strategy and find out what is the right thing to do. Shower market in U.K. The U.K. shower market has 3 distribution channels, 3 buyer segments, and 2 Special roles: Plumber and Developer. To give a brief summary, we will use some charts to demonstrate characteristics of these elements, and use it for latter discussions. As we can see, Quartz has 61% in Rate of return (manufacturer) and 47% in Rate of return (retailer), which is not the highest among other products. And we notice that Aquavalve Value, which is in value segment, and Aquaforce 1. 0/1. 5 Bar, which is in Standard segment, have higher Rate of return, but these product sold well in lower segments. Thus Quartz cannot be blamed for overprice, at least it was no more expensive than Aqualisa’s other product. Besides, if we consider the installation cost that saved by Quartz (2 days to half day, with 40-80/hour), Quartz is even cheaper. So either the price was not the reason, or the price was misunderstood. Consumer could be blinded by Quartz’s high retail price and ignore its relatively high produce cost. Besides, Aqualisa â€Å"was generally recognized as having top quality showers, a premium brand, and great service†, that reputation could make consumers form the idea that Quartz is just another premium product which is not cost-effective. This misjudgment of Quartz’s value is the true reason that Quartz was not accepted in lower market. Thus lower Quartz’s price would have less result if the misconception remains unchanged. To solve this problem, Aqualisa need more effort to spread the idea that Quartz is economical and practical. Quartz’s former advertisement plan shows most of its progressiveness, like the picture in Exhibit-9, they list all the priorities, make it even more like a premium product. They need to give some economy features such as the cost of installation, the durability of Quartz’s parts, Quartz’s life time budget etc, and compare Quartz’s features with traditional showers, to remind consumers that Quartz values for their money. Plumber, Friend or Foe? Plumber is an important role in shower market. Exhibit-4 shows that about 73% shower selection are influenced by Plumbers. Yet Plumbers are â€Å"wary of innovation, particularly any innovation involving electronics†, AKA Quartz. The negative impact of Plumber’s attitude is obvious, and even Aqualisa calling â€Å"face-to-face introduce and explain the new product† to their â€Å"very loyal† plumbers, nothing changed in short term. Rawlinson was so desperate to plumbers that he thought about abandon plumbers and target consumers directly. Considering the plumbers’ high clout in current market share, and Aqualisa already have high market share (70%) in Do-It-Yourself Sheds which target consumer directly, give up plumbers would be ineffective and useless. Rather than evade the issue, let’s face it straight: Why Plumbers oppose Quartz and how to change it. The main reason that plumbers reject innovation derived from risk aversion. Because â€Å"unfamiliar products could present unknown performance problems†, which will make plumbers pay money and time to adjust. Former failure case like â€Å"push-button† controls in 1980s had Strengthened plumbers’ stubborn. But Quartz has no substantive contradiction with plumbers, on the contrary, it’s easy to install and operate that could give plumbers substantial benefits. As a matter of fact, Plumbers who â€Å"puts one in†, becomes â€Å"convert†. Thus Plumbers’ prejudice will disappear by time. By saying â€Å"Adoption is a long, slow process† Pestell, Aqualisa national sales manager, did not realize that they do have some ways to speed up the process. In fact, it seems that Aqualisa did not consider plumbers as a distinct important part in their sales. They barely treat plumbers like consumers or retailers, told plumbers how excellent or advanced Quartz is. But what they should do is telling how good Quartz will do to the plumbers themselves. They could show plumbers the contradistinctions in installing Quartz and traditional showers, and emphasize that Quartz will make their daily two days work to half day, reduce both their work intensity and work time. With this advantage, plumbers can do more jobs and be better off in more income. Aqualisa can also give more samples to plumbers or pay non-loyal plumbers to install Quartz to clear former haze of electronics. With focused promotion plan, Aqualisa will make plumbers realize Quartz is favorable, and turn them into steady alliance. Strategy, Breakthrough or Mark time? Aqualisa’s former strategy is Steady and comprehensive. They joined every segments of market and provided their products in all distribution channels. Their current core product is Aquavalve 609, and they had been in the upper level in the market share (â€Å"number two in mixing valves and number three in the overall UK shower market†), only surpass by Triton and Mira (Exhibit-2). When Quartz joins the family, it did not have a clear position among other siblings. Actually, Aqualisa showed no clear expectations in Quartz’s performance. They just spread it to whole market and hope it can dominate. This pointless strategy makes them unconscious to the market response thus they make no effective action when sales encountered difficulties. Even if their final target is the whole market, they could build milestones and interim objectives like enter the high-end market then extend to lower market or simplify the product to catch the lower market with low price then release advance model to premium user. Either way, the company should have a more specific positioning and targeting plan to meet the company’s expectation. Despite the former marketing strategy, Aqualisa now need to decide their next move. Rawlinson showed his trepidation that Aqualisa, which is profitable with its current products, may not be willing to take the risk of promoting Quartz. The risk comes from two sides: first, the development of Quartz has already spent 5. 8 million and three years times, further promotion could cost 3-4 million more. It’s hard to stay profitable with this huge investment. Second, the Quartz has competition effect with company’s Cash Cow product: Aquavalve, which also put company’s stable market share and benefit in uncertainty. The risk of launching new products is inevitable, but is it possible that Aqualisa can sit back, relax and enjoy its current benefit? As we learn from Exhibit-2 (U. K. Market Share Data 2000), Aqualisa, had 18. 1% market share in total units sold, while Triton and Mira were 30. 3% and 21. 7%. In the Electric Showers category, which Aqualisa sold most, the market share was 16. 9% while Triton had 43. 5%. And in Mixer showers category, where core product Aquavalve 609 rest, the market share was 20. 8% while Mira had 36. 4%. With these figure, we cannot say Aqualisa is in a safe place. They did not have domination in any part of the market, and there were significant gap between Aqualisa and market leader. With more than one competitor, Aqualisa could easily be replaced and fall into masses. At this situation, even promoting new product could cost a fortune, Aqualisa still need a breakthrough and Quartz is just what the company need. On the other hand, the existing market structure gives Quartz sufficient space to outspread. If Quartz is good enough to assault Aquavalve 609’s sale, it could also shake the leader position of Triton and Mira’s products. If Quartz is, as Rawlinson said, â€Å"first significant product innovation in the U. K. shower market since forever†, it will beat down others company’s products and increase Aqualisa’s market share, and not only in U. K. market, it can move forward to European markets or global markets, then the current promotion cost would be unremarkable. But if Aqualisa give up Quartz, the opportunity cost would be too big to accept. Rawlinson’s worry will become true: â€Å"In five years’ time, someone else will have got the world market for this technology†. Then the Aqualisa’s experiences would be competitors’ field test and its former investment would contribute to other’s benefit. Conclusion People usually consider that finding the goose is the hard part, but in fact, make the goose laid golden eggs is also not easy. Aqualisa holds its goose named Quartz, and shows us such an example. This case also told us it’s not only about what we have, it’s more about how to connect everything together, including product (Quartz), customer, collaborator (plumber), market, make right decisions and build relationships.

Value Chain Analysis and Traditional Management Accounting

Value Chain Analysis and Traditional Management Accounting Along with the development of world economic integration, the modern enterprises are facing the competitions and challenges not only from the domestic market, but also from the international markets. The companies are confront with the different economic environment, so that the social environment of accounting may also undergo some major changes(Pierce and ODea,2003). The first one is the research and development of science and technology become an important foundation. Then the ability of access to information and communication become the crucial point of success. Third, the human resources as a prerequisite for firms development and expansion. The final one is an unprecedented development of services, the corporate should have global awareness. The modern enterprise management concept is strategic, long-term and global development, therefore the traditional management accounting may be difficult to adapt this new environment. The cost systems, cost control systems and performance reporting systems of traditional management accounting may be no longer meet the new manufacturing environment. The competition among enterprises is no longer limited to the price of products and services, cost or quality, but rather be reflected in the inter-enterprise value chain. Since the 80s of last century, Professor Michael Porter set the value chain theory has been widely applied to the practice of business management and become the most important management ideas and methods Based on such situation, this assignment will investigate how the value chain analysis challenge and improve the traditional management accounting. First, It will illustrate the weakness of traditional management accounting. Then it will go on to demonstrate the value chain theory. Third, it will consider the difference between traditional management accounting and value chain analysis. The limitation of traditional management accounting There exist five major limitation for traditional management accounting. The first one is the traditional management accounting may treat the firm as a single part. It only provided information for a single enterprise management decision and control, ignoring the external environment and other relevant information also can reflect the firms position in the market(Williamson,1975). Second, the traditional management accounting limited to the collection and analysis of internal financial information, the information break away from the requirements of corporate strategic management and weakened the role of management accounting(Granlund and Lukka, 1998). Third, the concept of traditional management accounting just focus on solving the relevant and individual internal issues. It can not form a sound management system with the market and long-term interests, so that the composition of the budget system just only concentrate on the enterprises internal planning and operations. The forth i s the traditional management accounting adopted financial indicators mainly such as profit and cost to assess and measure the performance of corporate. But the calculation of these indicators do not consider the cost of capital and risk premium, therefore, the report of business performance by these indicators are not accurate. In addition, the measurement of enterprise performance should include monetary and non monetary factors. However, the measurement of indicators by traditional management accounting only include monetary indicators. The final one is the investment decision is an important part for traditional management accounting. The economic evaluation of investment projects mainly through the cash inflows and outflows of entire construction and operation period. This approach chiefly considers the financial benefits, focusing on saving direct materials and labor. However, when facing the global international market, in order to improve and enhance the competitiveness of bu siness, the firm can not only appraise the financial profit, but also should take a variety of non-financial benefits into account (Bhimani and Langfield-Smith. 2007). Because of the limitation of traditional management accounting, the appearance of Strategic Management Accounting expands the perspective of the management accounting (Roslender and Hart, 2003). It clearly explain that the MA should concern about the overall function of the company. It is servicing for developing and controlling the companys strategy. Based on this, the value chain analysis as an crucial method of SMA is the breakthrough. In the following chapter, I will focus on to state the value chain theory. The value chain theory The concept of value chain is firstly proposed by Professor Michael Porter(1985), he demonstrated that if taking the enterprise as a whole it can not discover the firms competitive advantage. The competitive advantage should come from the various mutual separate activities, such as design, production, marketing, delivery and supporting process. Each company is the aggregation of such kinds of activities, all these activities can be expressed with the value chain. After that Shank and Gowindarajan(1993) believe that any corporate value chain should contain the whole process form the raw materials which get from the initial suppliers to the final products which will be delivered to the users. Their greatest contribution is combined the value chain analysis method with the accounting information to make the strategic management become reality. With the development of information technology, Rayport and Sviolda(1995) proposed the virtual value chain, they further enrich the value chain t heory. Dynamically, the value chain analysis is actually a process which around the value-added, continue to coordinate and optimize the value chain. The Value chain as an important management tool should be first an information system which services to its target business management. It have to provide useful information to optimize the business processes, realizing the value-added process and can be utilized for decision-making. The value chain analysis takes all forms of business activities into the value chain and then forecast, decide, analysis, control and evaluate any increased or decreased value which on the value chain. Compared with the traditional management accounting, the value chain analysis expands the range of accounting object and extending the business from the internal core to the entire value chain. If treating the enterprise as a whole, it may be unable to distinguish which is the effective value-added part. But the value chain analysis can decompose the business activ ities, by examining each activities and their relationship with other segments of the value chain to determine the companys added value. Also the concept of value chain vividly summed up the organic links of the firms value creation activities, but the companys value chain is not a single part, it is a crisscross value chain network(Collins and Belcher 1999; Hinterhuber 2002). Therefore, the control of the value chain can not be isolated and dispersed, but should be based on real-time evaluation and multi-dimensional of the full range of control. The differences between value chain and traditional management accounting There may exist three main difference between value chain analysis and traditional management accounting. The first one is the typical character of traditional management accounting is its inward-oriented services, subordinate and serve the enterprises internal organization and management. And the traditional management accounting use the firm itself and its internal units as object, only concerned the enterprise itself and ignored the external factors, so the aims of corporate may lack of long-term competitiveness. In contrast, the value chain analysis tends to extroversion, mainly because enterprises strategy is outward character. The enterprise development strategies should consider the uncertainty of external operating environment as premise, it must pay attention to the changes of the external environment to ensure that the business can survive and develop in such turbulent environment. So the researched scope of value chain is breakthrough the enterprise itself, involved both u pstream and downstream enterprises, also including the competitors. The goals is to maintain a competitive advantage as a starting point, based on system optimization and the long-term competitiveness. The second one is the traditional management accounting focus on the maximization of short-term interests of the enterprise and only concerned about the production process, analyzing the associated cost of three stages of project: supply, production and marketing, never in-depth consideration of the management operating. However the value chain management is directly analysis of to the operating level. It includes five basic operations and four auxiliary operations. The five primary activities is: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. And the procurement, technology development, human resources management and enterprise infrastructure as four support activities. On this basis, the value chain analysis can be divide into three levels, one is aimed at the operating management of the basic operations and support operations. The second is the enterprise value chain management. The third one is the firms outside value chain management. These three levels will cooperate with each other and making the management become more objective. In fact, when the competition of firms become the overall strategic competition, the pursuit of long-term goals, market share has become a business imperative goal. Therefore, the value chain analysis follow the long-term and overall interests and maximizing the profit as its main characters The third one is the traditional management accounting based on the enterprise itself and only regarding the firm as a whole or using the internal units as object, the analysis is rather limited. But the value chain analysis not only take the business itself into account, but also consider the rival , suppliers, sales channels and even entire industries, the analysis of subjects is quite diversity. Conclusion To conclude, because of only focusing on the internal management and short-term effect, the traditional management accounting exposed its limitations and can not meet the requirements of business. However, the strategic management accounting is more able to adapt to todays more complex competitive environment and global market, it both concerns the long-term interest and the coordination of internal resources and external environment. In this assignment, the article emphasis on analyzing how the value chain analysis better than the traditional management accounting and stating the main difference between value chain analysis and traditional management accounting. The value chain theory is an important achievement in recent years and it provides a new perspective for the business management.

A Comparison of a Hobbsian World and the World of Candide Essay

The Disparity between a Hobbsian World and the World of Candide    In an anarchistic Hobbsian world, man leads a purely selfish existence, perpetually waging war against his fellow men.   In this world Nature subsists as a playing field for evolution: only the strong and cunning survives, and even survival results in life that is "nasty, brutish, and short" (Hobbes).   However, with restraints (that is, government), a Hobbsian world can blossom into society.   According to Hobbes, those who wish to subside from natural anarchy must implicitly surrender some personal freedom in exchange for societal order.    Hobbes' philosophies influenced many of his contemporaries and subsequent intellectuals, including Voltaire, demonstrated in his satire, Candide.   At first glance, Candide seems to be a strict manifestation of Hobbsian philosophy: an anarchistic world centered around war, relieved only through the yield of personal freedom for communal order-Eldorado and the garden.   Yet after a thorough examination of the work, one recognizes that the characters in Candide are not Hobbsian.   Hobbsian man is innately selfish and ambitious while Voltaire's characters are not.   Perhaps some characters in Candide are driven through their misfortunes as a result of their avarice; however, this foible can not be ascribed as innately human. Instead, avarice, in the world of Candide, arises as a byproduct of the fallibility of man-made institutions (that is, religious and educational), which are the primary targets of Voltaire's satire. Thus, the world of Candide, although structured like a Hobbsian world, contains men that are not Hobbsian.   This d... ...the inability to cooperate.   Or perhaps Voltaire suggests that the world can be controlled more effectively if the man-made institutions that he is satirizing could be somehow reorganized.   All in all, Voltaire's subtle divergence from strict Hobbsian philosophy enables him to pose perhaps unanswerable questions about mankind and our potentials. Works Cited Bottiglia, William. "Candide's Garden." Voltaire: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Hobbes, Thomas. â€Å"Of Religion.† ed.Smith,Lacey Baldwin and Jean Reeder Smith. The Past Speaks. 2nd ed. 1 vol. Lexington: Heath, 1993. Richter, Peyton. Voltaire. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980. Tsanoff, Radoslav. Voltaire's Candide and the Critics. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1966. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Viking Publishers, 1996.

The Versatile, and Loved Cherry Tree :: Botany

The Versatile, and Loved Cherry Tree People all across the world enjoy cherries for their sweet flavor in pies, candies, and pastries. They have become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the world. As reported by the Columbia Encyclopedia Online (2000), they can be found in home orchards all across the country. However, the cherry tree has many uses. Some varieties are valued for their beautiful flowers, others for the wood that can be made into high quality furniture. Whatever the variety or use, the cherry tree is an important plant in today's society. The cherry tree traces its origins back to the east. The earliest signs of cherry trees come from the area around Asia Minor, Persia, and Transcaucasia (www.botany.com, 2000). To this area of the world, the cherry tree has become almost a sacred plant, with many varieties of flowering cherry trees being cultivated into various forms all valued for their flowers. This has become so popular in the east that in Japan they have even instituted a national holiday around the time that the trees begin to blossom (The Columbia Encyclopedia Online, 2000). Cherry trees were introduced to Europe through both natural processes and human interaction. By 73 BC, the cherry tree had been introduced to most of southern and central Europe with the help of the Romans. Soon after, the plants started to appear in Great Britain, where they were able to flourish (MS Encarta Online, 2000). Now there are species of cherry trees all over the Northern Hemisphere with species and varieties that have adapted so well to the different environments that today you can find varieties of cherry tree in almost any region, from California to Japan, that have developed unique and prized characteristics (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999). Cherry trees, like many fruit bearing trees, are members of the rose family. The scientific name for the family is Rosaceae. Cherries are in the genus Prunus along with apricots, peaches, and plums (The Columbia Encyclopedia Online, 2000). Cherry trees come in hundreds of varieties, but are derived from only a few species. There are two main species valued for their fruit, a couple of species are known for producing high quality wood or are grown as ornamentals. All species of cherry tree have varieties that are prized for their beautiful and aromatic flowers (www.botany.com, 2000). One of the cherries that bear edible fruit is known scientifically as Prunus avium.

Postmodernism in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran

Where does truth lie? Postmodernism is a literary movement of the twentieth century that attempts to show that the answer to this question cannot be completely determined. Characteristics of postmodern works include a mixing of different genres, random time changes, and the use of technology that all aid in presenting a common postmodern theme that truth doesn’t lie in one story, place or person. The novel Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer encompasses these postmodern characteristics combining together show how the truth cannot always be attained. Intertwined within the novel is the presence of many different genres including letters, articles and magazine clippings, and pictures. At first sight there is the whole book, a novel written in Oskar’s point of view, which tells of his trials and tribulations growing up in a post-September eleventh world. After closer examination, numerous letters from different characters are found placed within the story to provide an insight into the feelings of other characters. There is a letter from Oskar’s grandmother, letters from prisoners and other people for handwriting samples, and letters from Stephen Hawking among many. Also within the book are magazine and newspaper articles that relate to the story in different ways. For example the article about Chandra Levy parallels Oskar’s story of loss and continuous search. The other articles are apart of the game Oskar played with his dad. Oskar’s dad circled newspaper articles in red as clues to the answer to a se arch for item. Finally tactically Foer placed pictures relating to the novel throughout the book. The picture of the â€Å"Sixth Borough† (or lack of it) complements the story of the sixth borough and the picture ... ...of others. In today's society, the Internet is the primary means by which people search for "truth†. Foer tries to point out that in the society based on the truth still cannot always be found. Through the use of many postmodern characteristics Foer has created a book that concerns with the questions, where does the truth lie? And how does someone obtain the truth? At the end of the novel Oskar never really finds what he was looking for, His questions are all left unanswered. By ending in this manor Foer suggests that the truth can’t be found not every question has a yes or no answer. People can choose to go through life constantly attempting to achieve the answers to life or they can choose to accept things for what they are. Truth can be defined as the body of real things, events, and facts. But knowing the definition still leaves the question does truth exist?

CASE STUDY: CISCO SYSTEM INC. Essay

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a leading supplier of communications and computer networking products, systems, and services. It was founded in 1984 by Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. The company’s product line includes routers, switches, remote access devices, protocol translators, Internet services devices, and networking and network management software. Cisco serves three main market segments: large organizations, including corporations, government entities, utilities, and educational institutions; service providers, including Internet service providers, telephone and cable companies, and providers of wireless communications; and small and medium-sized businesses whose needs include operating networks, connecting to the Internet, and connecting with business partners. Increasingly, Cisco’s products are appearing in the consumer marketplace. Cisco operates globally, deriving roughly 44 percent of its sales from overseas business. ï  ¬Challenges and Risks Faced in NPI 1.Time-to-Market Pressure Cisco had to launch the new product extremely quickly There is only one year for Cisco to launch the Viking product to market with low cost. Otherwise, the market share might loss. However, it is about 3 to 5 years for Cisco to launch a high-end product. To meet such tighten schedule, it is imperative for Cisco team to perform a very collaborative operation and concurrent engineering in whole supply chain and NPI phase 2.Cost Pressure Bandwidth prices were constantly falling and customer expected continuous improvements in price-performance on their equipment. The competitor keeps intensive discount on price. Cisco had to implement most cost effective-supply chain at launch and product design. 3.Immense Technical Complexity The product router contained about 300,000 components, about 30 times more than in a small business router. How to successfully launch such a high complexity product in a low cost contract manufacturer like Foxconn requires Cisco monitor and cooperate with CM carefully. 4.Outsourcing Production of Complex Machines In order to put all the pieces together with the highest quality, reliability and on-time performance required in the demanding service provider market. Cisco faced the challenges inherent to outsourcing production of such a complex machine, and therefore Cisco would have to work closely with the contractor to reduce production and supply chain risks. 5.Continuous Cost Down Pressure from Emerging Market Cisco needed to ensure that router would be attractive to service providers worldwide. Emerging markets were the fastest-growing part of Cisco’s business, which needed lower cost, so keeping the router’s costs was important to its global success.

Exam Questions Essay

move on countries, which have the capability to enter, as n separate(a) as broad(prenominal)-income levels and mass consumption, get out deceive the item first to its republical merchandise, consequently ordain buzz off initial exportingers of good enoughs to some early(a) technically advance countries. by and by the harvest-festival break downs adopted and use in the knowledge do primary(prenominal) securities manufactures, action gradually moves away from the level of origin. The advanced(a) filthed estate loses their exports initially to under substantial countries (who leave alone import and later violence these goods) and subsequently to less developed countries.Eventually, the certain advanced surface bea (original innovator) will become importers of these goods because they will have begun producing opposite bargon-ass harvest-times. The duration of each exemplify of the pass varies with the mathematical harvest-feast and the type of m anagement accompaniment(a) it. Understanding the harvest-tide life-cycle spots al sufferings a smart set to fully take profit of businessplace opport building blockies by either strengthening or protect a militant advantage d i a long-lasting throw aim. The chief(prenominal) usiness reason for extending the harvest life-cycle would be to accession gross r level(p)ue through longer globe in the commercialize placeplace. Certain consumers will brood a harvest-home at divers(prenominal) stages of the output life cycle so by extending each stage of the cycle, in that place is a better determine of moving-picture show to the targeted consumer group. A frequently used archetype of this is the invention, modernize and merchandise of the individual(prenominal) computing device. exhibit one is considered the naked product stage and this is where domesticated production essentially begins.After a period of look for and development, a new product is en foldd to pertain local anaesthetic anesthetic (or national) quests. The product is created, proved and consumed in the domestic commercialize and virtually no dole out takes place. During the inception phase, the innovating caller-up does non know the finale to which a profitable mart exists. For vitrine in the late 1970s and into the early 1980s, during the early stages of the personal data processor, IBM and Apple pcs were produced in the US and aimed for part and small business use.Personal information processing system use spread quickly passim the domestic market as to a greater extent(prenominal) and more households do leveragings for increased personal productivity and gaming purposes. In stage twain, the maturing product stage, domestic production peaks as the motivation for the product signifi give noticetly increases since the consumer dish begins to acknowledge the product value. This stage is sensory faculty by a period of growth as sales and a modernize in shekels as mass-production techniques be developed and distant demand expands (developed countries).At this stage the product is now exported to early(a) developed countries and some(prenominal) domestic and foreign competitors emerge. A copy product is produced elsewhere and introduced in the home country (and elsewhere) to delight growth in the home market. base on production be, manufacturing moves to some other countries. As was the case with Apple PCs, production in this stage moved come forward of the original facility and into manufacturing plants in atomic number 20 and Texas as surface as scattering w arhouses in two the US and the Netherlands. compass point three is the beatized product stage. This is when the market for the product stabilizes and domestic production trance downs. The product becomes more of a article of trade and companies argon compelled to reduce manufacturing prices which is the main reason for moving production sites t o countries with dishonor labor equals. As production moves to developing countries, in turn, they begin to export the product to developed countries. A product color phase is experienced as sales level off and the first signs of reject occur.In the personal computer industry, the US market low- legal injuryd brand-name imports from producers such as South Koreas Hyundai and Samsung. Several minute manufacturers exported millions of personal computers both to the US and other countries, a self-aggrandizing pile which ar produced for foreign distri hardlyors. To contest this, Apple condensed their product line, expanded use of industry standard move, outsourced component manufacturing and streamlined warehousing operations. there is a final stage of decline in which poorer countries constitute the only markets for the product and import challenger is genuinely healthful.At this point, al almost all declining products are produced in less developed countries. The PC is no t necessarily a good shell of decline, for one because there is a fainthearted demand for computers in less developed countries, but sort of an example of engineering science that is ever improving which would make primarily versions of computers and tie in bundle package obsolete. Normally, a product may finally disappear from the market at this point, however, PC technology get across to improve. There is no threat of the PC disappearing, but certain versions will finally become dinosaurs. . Explain door play alongers infield in terms of Nokias development as an foreign alert telecommunication powerhouse. Michael Porters conjecture of national hawkish advantage manakin was the product of a study of patterns of proportional advantage among industrialized nations and looked at sources of emulous advantage from a national context. The rhombus-shaped surmise back end be used to appreciate both a fasts ability to sound in a national market as well(p) as a na tional markets ability to compete world-widely.Porters surmisal of international trade comes from the interaction of four country- and loyal-specific elements 1. Factor conditions this is a countrys legacy of production factors that affect its ability to compete on an international level such as human preferences, physical resources, knowledge resources, and so forth Porter looks beyond the most fundamental factors of land, labor and capital to take the educational level of the do cash in ones chipsforce and the quality of the countrys infra anatomical structure. 2. Demand conditions demand in the home market helps the comp either to establish a war-ridden advantage.A passing developed domestic market will printing press a firm to innovate faster and to create more advanced products than those of competitors. When the domestic market for a token product is with child(p)r locally than in foreign markets, the home firm will devote more attention to that product which l eads to a competitory advantage when merchandise begins. 3. link and permiting industries these related and supporting industries extend cost-effective inputs and participate in the suffice of upgrading which serves to stimulate other companies in the strand to innovate.When local supporting industries are competitive, the home firm experiences more cost-effectiveness and creative activity. This effect is reinforced when the supporting industries (suppliers) are strong competitors as well. 4. Firm schema, structure and arguing the way in which companies are created and managed are authorized for success. The presence of rival in the domestic market is big because it creates pressure to continually innovate in evidence to promote competitiveness.Other conditions that affect the diamond scheme are G everywherenment simply the g overnment git influence the proviso conditions of key productions factors, the demand conditions in the domestic market and the competitio n betwixt domestic firms. The government faecal matter overly put in on several different levels (local, regional, national, international). -Chance clearly, chance events will occur that are external the control of the domestic firm. Chance is important because it tummy create or chop off competitive billets.Porters Diamond in terms of Nokia Factor conditions -Finland is one of the grounds most homogenous and invariable societies as well as having genuinely sophisticated consumers -As a country, Finland has invested gold into a strong educational governance which gives them an excellent educational system with which to provide the necessary work force -Finland has a uniform, market-oriented government Nokia, with close ties to national government, has helped actuate technology, legal issues and export opportunities.Finland as a whole has a national competitive strategy -Substantial public investment in telecommunications-related R&D which focuses on radio receiver t echnology -Finland has a tradition of advanced engineering and telecom industry -Due to caustic physical and natural conditions, options for a land- ground fit out system was a truly pricy option, making wireless digital systems a relative bar pile up for the same price -Most of the population speaks English -Finland was an early adopters of the lucre and other wireless activities.Demand conditions As mentioned in the Factor Conditions, a sparsely populated celestial sphere supports adoption of wireless devices -The weather and physical supports mobile forebode over face-to-face conversations -Nationally, a telling usage of texting and other wireless capacity services -Finland a test market for wireless applications -Nordic Mobile Telephone created the worlds largest single mobile market. Related and Supporting industries Huge R&D expending by government and companies Finland, as a whole, offers strong venture capital, and a strong manufacturer network -Due to the cons titution and claim of wireless communication, there is a high number of specialized companies cod to fragmented market -There are more or less 3,000 Finnish firms in telecom and IT related products and services -There is a large local supply allowing for highly customized contributions Firm strategy, structure and disceptation Signifi set upt historic reasons for highly competitive landscape within Finland -A very strong export-centered commerce experience stouthearted network and links between companies, banks and governments -The regional Development Agencies Act favors intense rivalry -History of competition in telecommunications services passim the 20th century -Finland was early to exempt in telecom-related industries -A high number of telecom firms create an active local rivalry in wireless communications -There is no monopoly on either of the value chain parts of telecom and a very healthy competition between companies -European consumer demand (roaming, etcetera Fi nland has been a part of the European Common Market since 1995. Other conditions that affect the Diamond Theory Government oVery stable with a long-term view (low turn-over with 6-year terms) oStrong initiatives to improve national innovative capacity oAssurance of technological neutrality oOpen socialist scrimping -Chance oConditions in Finland provided a grotesque medium for Nokias success. Creating, maintaining and updating land-based wired communication networks can be very slow and very expensive which made wireless digital systems seem a virtual bargain. . What is un flack catcherable Advantage and how does Intels world-wide suppose in mircoprocessors reflect this? Adam smith developed the theory of unassailable advantage which asserts that one party (a nation, a firm, etc. ) reachs from manufacturing more output than others since it is possess a unique resource or commodity. This crabby resource or commodity can be a certain method, a distinct knowledge or manufac turing process that increases production efficiency, and thus reduces the relative motivation for additional resources.The theory holds that different countries (or firms) produce some goods more effectually than others based on those particular resources or commodities. Limitations to the theory exist if there multiple unique resources or commodities once the hypothesis expands to include multiple unique resources, the secure would turn to a comparative advantage. Generally, in international trade, countries export goods/services when they have an infinite advantage in that product area and will import goods/services when another(prenominal) country (or firm) has the absolute advantage.Intel and Dell had a unique relationship in this pick up Intel had set the industry bar in terms of microprocessors and Dell, using Intel soaply, became one of the strongest PC manufacturers in the world based on their distinctive marketing tool of create computers. Both firms benefited from this relationship as they both had an absolute advantage on the items they produced. Further, jibe to the theory, if a country (or firm) has no absolute advantage in any product or service, no trade will occur.For instance, if both Intel and Dell manufactured microprocessors and PC hardware, no trade would exist between them they would be direct competitors since no benefit would exist to either of them. A competitive advantage occurs when a firm acquires or develops a product or frisk that allows it to outperform its competitors. To gain competitive advantage, the firm strategy is to manipulate that unique resource or commodity over which it has a direct advantage which gives them the ability to collapse a competitive advantage.Superior proceeding outcomes and superiority in production resources reflects competitive advantage, and in doing so, gives a firm absolute advantage over an industry (or product). In the case of Intels ball-shaped position in microprocessors, their s trategy has been to continually introduce cutting-edge technology which ultimately heart and soul that consumers endure for the research and development of the speeds of new chips. It is a cyclical process, which demands more research and development of even faster, smaller products. The high society does this to constantly renew consumer need which helps keep margins high.This business model of Intels can be compared to the auto industrys planned obsolescence. The introduction of new models authority the previous model is not as good, or new, anymore. As such, consumers feel compelled to purchase the newest, latest, greatest product. The trends are pushed by more powerful applications, which in turn create the need for new stronger, faster microprocessors and other new generations of computer products. Here are some of the contributing factors in Intels absolute advantage in the microprocessing industry 1.Distinct ability to draw a prevailing share of the markets attention In tel benefited from a very exclusive and significant relationship with Dell (Intel privileged) until May 2006. With Dell be a major player in the computer hardware market, they offered custom-made computers with an exclusive organisation to offer only Intel processors inside. 2. Capability to claver innovative obstacles which created more labor for any competition Not only did competitors already struggled to meet specs for the industry standards, they also experience issues keeping up with Intels production speed and product features. 3. set about costs down and keep remuneration up Intel was able to make its partners (and consumers) pay for this with an ordinary selling price of over $150 a unit. PC makers had to require this because at the time, Intel was only choice. 4. Strong news report as the reliable standard PC makers and consumers had not reason to look for ersatz processors based on Intels innovation combined with the lack of reliable parts produced by competit ors. 5. Economy of case Because the per unit cost of manufacturing depends on the size of the firms output, the larger the firm, the greater the home plate of manufacturing benefits.Due to Intels economy of scale in the microprocessing industry, they could potentially monopolize the industry. found on Intels strengths mentioned above as industry attracters (2) as well as their ability to drive costs down while keeping profits up, Intel was untouchable and could manage to win any price war brought on by the competition. The Intel quality was also so high that the unreliable chips made by the competition almost, until recently, didnt even create lots of a price war since there wasnt another game in town. 4. Explain Comparative Advantage? therefore describe the development of Indias software industry and how it reflects one theory of competitive advantage. Comparative advantage theory is an international trade theory attributed to David Ricardo that indicates that firms or nations trade because they have superior productivity in a particular industry and can produce that particular good or service at lower bare(a) and opportunity costs than another party. In simple terms, this theory explains how trade can create value for two parties even if one party can produce all goods with fewer resources than the other.The prospect being that each country can gain by specializing in the goods/services where it experiences this cost/efficiency advantage and trade that good/service for another where they do not posses the same advantage. Governments may attempt to predict comparative advantage by rearing trade barriers, imposing high tariffs, and allowing newer and comparatively uncompetitive industries ample time to become established. Comparative advantage is an appropriate theory to explain why particular countries export more services that support the global supply chain of both transnational enterp turn offs and domestic firms.The source of a nations comparativ e advantage evolves from the mixing of its own factors of production such as availability of work force, labor skills, access to capital, land and technology. For example, India is an excellent example of a country that has developed a highly efficient and low-cost software industry. This industry supplies not only the creation of custom software, but also call centers for customer support and other information technology services.The Indian software industry is composed of legion(predicate) subsidiaries of multinational corporations as well as independent companies. This question focuses on the rise of the software industry in India. As a relatively poor country, India in the past has not normally been thought of as a nation that is satisfactory of building a major presence in a high-technology industry (e. g. , software). However, over the last decade or so, the Indian software industry has become an important force in the global software market.Among others, the main factors t hat have boosted India into this position are their large number of well-educated, English-speaking work force, a strong national work ethic coupled with technical experts who are paid only a ingredient of the salary (including overhead) earned by U. S. counterparts. Additionally, the low cost of international telecommunication networks hike up enhances the comparative advantage of an Indian location for outsourcing. India has a comparative advantage in those services that are tradeable such as business process outsourcing and programming services.In looking at IBMs outsourcing and how it utilizes both a US workforce and an outsourced Indian workforce, it is important to identify the relative strengths of each. For the principally technical aspects of the job, IBM realizes cost savings by using the Indian workforce. Since programming proceeds are low in India and the average productivity of Indian programmers is somewhat alike(p) to the productivity of US programmers, then Indi a can potentially enjoy a comparative advantage in programming. For those aspects of the job specializing in knowledge of a clients business, the US workforce is well-matched to do the job.The complementary nature of these two separate workforces rose out of the need of IBM to compete in more than retributory one area in order to succeed. Utilizing the Indian workforces allows IBM to realize a cost savings that can be used in other areas of their business. India, on the other hand, benefits from the trade with IBM by realizing large exercising in the country as well as a boost to the economy that will only help to act developing the country. 5. Explain briefly the common patters of successful Nipponese entry into global markets once dominated by US firms such as RCA, elope and GM.In the business world, an initial direct attack of a competitor is usually most advantageous to the defending company since the assail company usually ends up spending an exorbitant amount of resource s without ever genuinely reaching its goals. This is a prime explanation of certain large companies such as General Electric, Xerox and RCA back to the 1970s when all of them waged war against IBM in the computer market. All suffered very heavy fiscal losses and as a result, did not engage further in the computer industry.The gamble cost these companies devastating sums up(a) in the millions. A companys objective is to make use of its resources in such a way that allows them to maximize the market share. Direct attacks dont necessarily serve that purpose, but rather the indirect attack seems to be more successful. The successful market penetration by Japanese companies was facilitated by an indirect approach. As one example, Xerox was an established leader in the photocopier field and by the 70s control the copier market, controlling the majority of the markets share.However, within a decade, Japanese companies outwitted Xerox, and proceeded to follow suit in other industries ( such as the auto industry) by ingress indirect attacks on the smaller portion of the consumer base, and eventually swallowing up the entire market. The Japanese discovered that Xerox was marketing and provide large copiers mainly to only large companies. That left millions of smaller companies using more local and less known supplies to meet their copying inescapably. These smaller companies couldnt undergo by purchase on the large scale of Xerox, nor did they have the physical quadruplet to store the industrial-size equipment.Enter the Japanese market with companies focusing on this weakness and entree the market focusing on the needs of the smaller organizations. Because there was no flying effect on sales, Xerox took no notice of the market competition. As before long as the Japanese companies gained traction in this market, by focusing on the need of smaller products, lower prices, simplified technology, and diffusion through office-supply dealers, tactics began to chan ge as the Japanese continued to build upon their consumer base. The product ranges broadened with superior technology and more product choices.Towards the mid 80s, the Japanese had made a considerable difference in the size of the market share, leaving Xerox behind and struggling. The Japanese business gloss has seen significant success with a strategy of focusing in on an a smaller, overlooked, neglected, or emerging market subdivision and targeting in on the weaknesses of the competitor thereby gaining an advantage that affords a company the pocketbook it needs to make gains in the market segment. Once that grip is found, the Japanese company consolidates their products position by mobilizing all resources and expanding into the rest of the market.